Historical Timeline: 1000-1999

Dates in Timeline
1000-1099 1100-1199 1200-1299 1300-1399 1400-1499	1500-1599 1600-1699 1700-1799 1800-1899 1900-1999

1000-1099

1054Final split between Eastern and Western Christianity
1066Norman conquest of England
1096Start of First Crusade (Jerusalem taken 1099)

1100-1199

1151Hippocratic Oath adopted by Italian physicians
1155Genghis Khan born
1170 Thomas ` Becket murdered at Canterbury
1187 Muslims under Saladin retake Jerusalem

1200-1299

1204Fourth Crusade attacks, takes Constantinople
1215 Magna Carta sealed by King John
1237 Mongols conquer Russia
1258 British House of Commons established
1271 Marco Polo travels to China
1272 Thomas Aquinass Summa Theologica published

1300-1399

1321 Dantes Divine Comedy published
1349 Black Death kills third of English population
1368 Ming Dynasty established in China
1387 Chaucers Canterbury Tales published

1400-1499

1414 Publication of Thomas ` Kempiss Imitation of Christ
1434 Cosimo de Medici becomes ruler of Florence
1441 Portuguese navigators begin slave trade
1453 Gutenberg Bible printed using moveable type; Turks conquer Constantinople and end Byzantine Empire
1487 Portugese sail to South America
1492 Columbus discovers America
1497 Vasco da Gama discovers a sea route to India

1500-1599

1503 DaVincis Mona Lisa painted
1508 Michelangelo begins painting Sistine Chapel ceiling
1509 Henry VIII becomes King of England
1513 Ponce de Leon discovers Florida; Balboa discovers the Pacific Ocean
1517 Martin Luther posts 95 Theses in Wittenberg; Spanish conquistadors land in Mexico, begin conquest of the Aztecs and central America
1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation of the earth
1522 Luther completes translation of the New Testament into German
1525 Anabaptist Swiss Brethren organized in Zurich; William Tyndales English Bible printed in Germany
1531 Henry VIII becomes Supreme Head of the church in England
1532 Machiavellis The Prince published
1536 Calvins Institutes of the Christian Religion published
1541 John Knox leads Calvinist Reformation in Scotland
1542 Portugese traders and Jesuit missionaries arrive in Japan
1546 Mercator states that the earth has a magnetic pole
1558 Elizabeth I crowned Queen of England
1563 General outbreak of the Black Plague in Europe
1564 William Shakespeare born
1572 St. Bartholomews Day massacre in Paris-2,000 Protestants killed
1577 Sir Francis Drake begins around-the-world cruise
1582 Gregorian calendar adopted
1588 Spanish Armada destroyed in the English Channel
1596 Galileo invents the thermometer

1600-1699

1602 Dutch East India Company founded
1605 Cervantess Don Quixote published
1607 First permanent English settlement in America at Jamestown
1608 Galileo constructs astronomical telescope
1611 Authorized King James Bible published
1616 Shakespeare dies
1619 Harvey discovers the circulation of the blood
1620 Pilgrims sail from Holland to New England-establish Plymouth
1623 First patent law enacted in England
1626 Peter Minuit buys Manhattan Island from Indians for the equivalent of $24
1630 Massachusetts Bay Puritan colony founded
1636 Roger Williams establishes free Baptist colony at Providence
1642 English Civil War begins
1646 Westminster Assembly adopts Confession of Faith
1648 Taj Mahal completed in Agra, India
1649 Charles I beheaded
1653 Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England
1663 John Newton develops the binomial theorem
1665 Isaac Newton invents differential calculus
1675 Christopher Wren begins reconstruction of St. Pauls Cathedral in London
1678 John Bunyans Pilgrims Progress published
1685 Chinese ports opened to foreign trade
1688 London underwriters begin meeting at Lloyds Coffee House
1689 Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia; first modern trade fair held at Leiden, Holland
1695 English government ends press censorship

1700-1799

1702 First daily newspaper, The Courant, begins publication in London
1724 Paris Bourse (stock market) established
1730 Methodist denomination founded by the Wesleys
1741 Jonathan Edwards preaches Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God-Great Awakening in New England; Handels Messiah composed
1755 Lisbon earthquake kills 30,000
1756 W. A. Mozart born in Salzburg
1759 Voltaires Candide published
1762 Rousseau writes The Social Contract
1770 Beethoven born in Bonn; the Boston Massacre; Captain James Cook discovers Botany Bay, Australia
1771 Encyclopedia Britannica published
1775 American Revolution begins; James Watt perfects the steam engine
1776 U.S. Declaration of Independence signed; Adam Smith publishes The Wealth of Nations
1781 British surrender at Yorktown, ending war
1783 Britain recognizes U.S. independence at the Peace of Versailles
1788 Wilberforce introduces parliamentary motion to ban the slave trade; U.S. Constitution ratified
1789 French Revolution begins with the storming of the Bastille; George Washington becomes first U.S. president; first steam driven cotton mill opens in Manchester, England
1791 U.S. Bill of Rights (First 10 Amendments) ratified
1793 Eli Whitney invents cotton gin
1796 Edward Jenner introduces vaccination against smallpox
1799 Rosetta Stone found in Egypt

1800-1899

1803 Louisiana Territory purchased by U.S. from France
1804 Napoleon proclaimed Emperor of the French
1805 British win naval battle of Trafalgar
1806 Lewis and Clark Expedition begins
1807 Robert Fultons steam paddle wheeler Claremont sails the Hudson River; England prohibits the slave trade
1811 Jane Austens Sense and Sensibility published
1812 U.S. declares War on Britain
1814 George Stephenson constructs the first practical steam locomotive; U.S.-Britain War ends with the Treaty of Ghent
1815 Napoleon defeated by Wellington at Waterloo
1817 Simon Bolivar establishes the independent nation of Venezuela
1818 Napier constructs the flat-bed press
1821 Farraday discovers the fundamentals of electromagnetism
1824 Beethovens 9th symphony performed in Vienna; Simon Bolivar proclaimed Emperor of Peru
1830 First sewing machine invented by Thimonnier in Paris
1831 Charles Darwin sails in the Beagle to South America, New Zealand, and Australia
1834 Charles Babbage develops the principal behind modern computers; McCormick patents the reaper
1837 Victoria becomes Queen of England; Samuel F. B. Morse demonstrates the electric telegraph
1839Charles Goodyear invents vulcanization of rubber
1846 U.S. declares war on Mexico-gains California, Arizona, New Mexico
1848 Communist Manifesto issued by Marx and Engels
1849 Dickenss David Copperfield published
1850 Public libraries established in Britain
1854 The Crimean War (Turkey, Britain, France vs. Russia)
1857 First safety elevator developed and installed by E.G. Otis
1859 Darwins Origin of Species published; first oil well drilled at Titusville, Pa.
1861 Civil War begins in the United States
1862 Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation
1864 Louis Pasteur invents pasteurization process
1865 U.S. Civil War ends with defeat of secessionist South; Joseph Lister initiates antiseptic surgery
1866 Nobel invents dynamite
1867 Karl Marxs Das Kapital published
1869 Suez Canal opened
1870 Franco-Prussian War brings end to 2nd Empire-France becomes a Republic
1876 Stanley finds Livingston in Africa
1877 Thomas Edison invents phonograph
1880 Dostoyevskys The Brothers Karamazov published; Edison devises the first practical electric lights
1884 Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn published
1888 Eastman perfects the Kodak box camera
1891 Construction of the Trans-Siberian railroad begins
1892 Rudolf Diesel patents the internal combustion engine
1895 Roentgen invents X-rays; Marconi invents radio telegraphy
1896 Theodor Herzl publishes The Jewish State-beginning of modern Zionism
1898 United States declares war on Spain, takes Philippines, Puerto Rico, et. al.-becomes world power; Count Zeppelin builds his lighter-than-air ship
1899 John Dewey writes School and Society; Boer War begins in South Africa (goes on until 1902)

1900-1999

1900 Max Planck formulates quantum theory; Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams
1901 Marconi transmits a radio message across the Atlantic
1903 Wright brothers fly at Kitty Hawk, N.C.
1904 Russo-Japanese War
1905 Einstein formulates the Special Theory of Relativity
1907 Boy Scouts founded by Baden-Powell
1908 Ford Model T first produced
1909 Robert Peary reaches the North Pole
1911 Roald Amundsen reaches the South Pole; Chinese Republic established
1913 U.S. Federal income tax established (16th Amendment); Henry Ford starts assembly-line manufacturing
1914 First World War begins in Europe
1915 Alexander Graham Bell makes first trans-continental phone call; Einstein postulates his General Theory of Relativity
1917 U.S. enters world war; Russian Revolution-Czar abdicates, Lenin becomes Chief Commissar
1918 World War I ends as Germany surrenders
1920 League of Nations established; 19th Amendment establishes womens suffrage in the U.S.
1922 Mussolini forms fascist government in Italy; insulin first administered to diabetics; Turkish Republic proclaimed by Atatuk
1923 Sound motion pictures demonstrated by Lee DeForest
1925 Scopes Monkey Trial in Dayton, Tenn.
1926 Robert Goddard launches first liquid-fuel rocket
1928 First scheduled TV broadcast in Schnectady, N.Y.
1929 Construction of the Empire State Building begins; U.S. stock market crashes
1930 J.M. Keynes writes Treatise on Money
1933 Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
1935 British develop radar
1937 First jet engine built
1939 Germany invades Poland-World War II begins; Winston Churchill becomes prime minister of Britain
1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor-U.S. enters war
1942 Enrico Fermi splits the atom; first automatic computer developed in U.S.; first U.S. jet plane tested by Bell Aircraft; C.S. Lewiss Screwtape Letters published
1943 Penicillin used to treat chronic diseases
1944 D-Day Landing by allies in Normandy
1945 Hitler commits suicide, Germany surrenders; atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrenders
1946 Churchill delivers Iron Curtain speech; United Nations established
1947 British India divided into India and Pakistan and granted independence by Britain; Dead Sea Scrolls found in Palestine
1948 Israel established by UN-Arabs attack; Kinsey Report on human sexuality published
1949 Communists under Mao Tse-tung gain control of China; NATO alliance formed by U.S. and western European nations to counter USSR aggression
1950 North Korea invades South Korea-U.S. comes to the aid of the south; electric power produced by atomic energy; Ludwig Von Mises writes Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis
1952 Korean Armistice signed at Panmunjom; Mt. Everest climbed by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay
1953 U.S. Supreme Court outlaws school segregation (Brown vs. Board of Education); World Council of Churches formed; Salk polio vaccine administered; nuclear submarine launched by U.S.
1955 Rosa Parks refuses to move to the rear of a bus-Civil Rights movement begins
1956 USSR invades Hungary-crushes anti-Communist rebellion; Churchill publishes his History of the English Speaking Peoples; Britain, France, and Israel invade Egypt to protect canal
1957 USSR launches Sputnik-first earth satellite; European Common Market established
1958 Fidel Castro gains control of Cuba and expropriates U.S. property; Charles DeGaulle becomes president under 5th French Republic
1960 USSR sends first man into orbit, U.S. sends first man into space; Belgian Congo gains independence
1961 Cuban Missile Crisis
1962 Civil Rights March on Washington led by Martin Luther King; Michael DeBakey uses an artificial heart for the first time; nuclear test ban treaty signed by U.S., USSR, and Britain
1963 President John F. Kennedy assassinated in Dallas
1965 U.S. involvement in Vietnam war escalates; Medicare established in U.S.
1966 Martin Luther King shot to death in Memphis, Tenn.
1967 Arabs attack Israel and lose West Bank, Sinai in six-day war
1968 Czech Spring liberalization crushed by USSR
1969 Apollo 11 lands on the moon; Neil Armstrong first man on the moon
1972 Dow-Jones Industrial Average passes 1000 for the first time
1973 Roe vs. Wade decision by U.S. Supreme Court legalizes abortion; renewed Arab-Israeli War-Israel takes Golan Heights
1975 South Vietnam collapses, U.S. evacuates
1977 British scientists report complete gene mapping of a living organism
1978 Test tube baby born in England; Polish Cardinal Karol Wojtyla becomes Pope John Paul II-first non-Italian to be pope in 456 years
1979 Ayatollah Khomeini leads Iranian revolution-over 100 U.S. citizens taken hostage as Muslims raid U.S. Embassy in Tehran; Margaret Thatcher becomes British prime minister; USSR invades Afghanistan
1980 Ronald Reagan elected U.S. president; Iraq invades Iran, begins eight-year stalemate war
1981 IBM markets first personal computer
1982 Falklands War-Britain repulses Argentine invasion
1983 Compact discs first sold
1984 Apple Macintosh with a mouse is first marketed; AIDS virus discovered
1986 Space shuttle Challenger explodes, killing seven
1988 Soviet troops begin withdrawal from Afghanistan
1989 Berlin Wall demolished; non-Communist government in power in Poland; Romanian Communist government falls; free government established in Hungary; Chinese troops massacre student protesters in Tiananmen Square in Beijing
1990 Nelson Mandela freed from 25 years imprisonment; Iraq invades Kuwait; East and West Germany are reunified
1991 USSR collapses-Cold War ends; U.S. and allies invade Iraq (Gulf War)
1995 NATO troops enter Bosnia as peacekeepers; Nelson Mandela elected president of South Africa
1997 Britain returns Hong Kong colony to China
1998 Former Soviet-bloc members Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland join NATO alliance; Clinton is first elected U.S. president to be impeached
1999 EURO common currency and multinational central bank established by EEC countries; NATO air forces attack Serbia over Kosovo ethnic cleansing